| If you own or manage a business, you are keeping | | | | when a change started, and when it ended. At a |
| close watch on your "key performance indicators" | | | | minimum, make sure your systems provide you with |
| (KPIs) such as sales, gross profits, days' supply of | | | | time-series charts for all your KPIs. |
| inventory, or any number of other such measures. But | | | | But is that all you should be concerned with? As an |
| are you able to spot changes in performance that | | | | owner or manager, you need to know other facts that |
| could signal either an opportunity or threat to your | | | | may not be obvious in a plain time-series chart: |
| business? | | | | - What has the impact of the change been to-date? In |
| What is a "change in performance"? Here is an | | | | other words, how many dollars or units has the |
| example of a news article that illustrates what we | | | | change added to, or subtracted from, the "expected |
| mean: | | | | value" (i.e., the value the KPI would have had, if the |
| " ... Starbucks' same-store sales grew 4% in the April | | | | change had not occurred). This tells you how serious |
| quarter, about half what it did in some quarters in | | | | the impact of the change has been, already. You can |
| recent years ... Starbucks' shares are off 30% since | | | | then decide how much priority you need to give to |
| last November" | | | | investigating the causes of the change, and to |
| Note that what is being mentioned in the first sentence | | | | developing a plan of action. For example, a change |
| is not the actual value of the KPIs (in this case, the | | | | that has caused the business to miss sales targets by |
| sales revenue). While it mentioned a growth rate (4%), | | | | $1,000,000 should get much more attention than a |
| that was not the key point of the author. Rather, he | | | | change that has only caused a $1,000 shortfall so far. If |
| was emphasizing the change in the growth rate -- that | | | | you can't see the impact of the change from your |
| it had slowed down to about half of the growth rate in | | | | current charts or reports, you should strongly consider |
| earlier years. | | | | asking your I/T staff, consultants, or software vendors |
| That change in performance had a significant impact | | | | to augment them in a way that supplies that |
| on the value of the business (down 30%), as the | | | | information. |
| second sentence makes clear. That is why you need | | | | - Is the change accelerating? Before you take action, |
| to monitor these kinds of changes closely. | | | | you should determine if the change is getting more and |
| However, to find changes in performance using | | | | more pronounced, compared to the "expected |
| reports that show just numbers, you need to have | | | | performance". After all, if the growth rate is returning |
| reports that show the growth rate of a KPI over time. | | | | to its previous value, no corrective action may be |
| This is not as common a report as one that shows | | | | required. On the other hand, if the actual values are |
| just the actual KPI values over time. Many business | | | | diverging from the expected value more and more |
| systems may not include such reports. And even if | | | | over time, then you need to take more drastic action |
| they do, you will need to perform a lot of mental | | | | to bring performance back in line with expectations. |
| calculations to convert the report data into actionable | | | | Again, make sure that your system produces charts |
| information. | | | | that clearly show how actual measurements compare |
| You will have a much easier time detecting changes in | | | | to expected values over time. |
| performance if you are looking at a chart that shows | | | | Changes in performance greatly affect the value of |
| you the values of the KPIs over time. Charts convey | | | | your business. You need to have chart-intensive |
| far more information than a series of numbers. If you | | | | reporting systems that allow you to find such changes, |
| look at a chart, you can quickly grasp the magnitude, | | | | to see how much they have already affected |
| growth rate, and changes in the growth rate of the | | | | performance, and to see whether they are becoming |
| KPI, all at the same time. You can see at a glance | | | | more severe. |