Exploring Proactive and Reactive Market Orientation Strategies and Their Implications on Businesses

A company that takes too much time to respond to aorientation have a distinct edge over their counterparts.
change in the business environment is susceptible to aThey use extensive methodology like brainstorming,
shortfall of profits. Sometimes it may result in loss ofanticipating market trends, analyzing customer demand
market share due to a competitor already in thepatterns, using sophisticated planning, and encouraging
process of implementing the strategy which was beinginnovation at all levels in the organization. These firms
planned by the company. It may also happen that theare constantly finding new ways of providing customer
company may have to shut down or prune some ofdelight by fulfilling the latent needs of consumers and
its business lines due to the inability to overseehence creating a differentiating factor, which in turn
changes in market behavior or a breakthrough inharness the company's brand image and improves
technology leading to the current technologycustomer equity.
capabilities becoming obsolete.Organizations like 3M, HP and Motorola have made it a
Companies following stringent procedures, in terms ofpractice to research and fulfill latent needs of
having a strong research capability, a strategic planningconsumers by adopting the 'probe and learn'
system in place, proper business intelligence tools tophilosophy and encouraging innovation at all levels
help make key decisions and employing specialists, forwithin the company. Technology firms tend to be more
example marketing coordinators and analysts toinclined towards a proactive orientation, since there is a
predict changes in consumer patterns and thehigh scope for innovation and design of value added
environment, have a competitive edge over theirfeatures and solutions. Consider industries like
competitors.biotechnology, whose core focus is research and
A proactive company is the one who foresees thesedevelopment and hence it is primarily proactive in
changes and has the action plans ready to face them.nature. However due to the large influence of
These companies are well prepared and havemarketing in today's business environment, a large
information from various sources, to counter anynumber of biotechnology firms are using a market
discrepancies in the business environment. A reactiveoriented approach and they do keep this in mind while
company on the other hand responds after the eventmoving forward.
has taken place and has little preparation or anticipationA research was conducted to find out which
of such changes.approach was more effective in case of new product
However, no company can rely on being eitherdevelopment. A sample of technologically diverse
completely proactive or reactive in its orientation. Ideally,companies was taken, and the relationship of new
a company must use both strategies to respondproduct success with both proactive and reactive
effectively with a minimum response rate. A reactiveorientations was recorded. It was seen that to create
company uses market surveys and questionnaires toand sustain new product success, only reactive
gauge customer insight and satisfaction levels. Basedmarket orientation was not sufficient and a proactive
on the recorded feedback and analyzing consumermarket orientation plays an important role in the
trends, the company works on improving their servicessuccess of a new product offering.
and products and focuses on the key improvementA company solely relying on customer responses is
areas highlighted by the consumers. For instance aone step behind and carries a risk of losing both
Fortune 500 food company gathers continualmarket share and brand equity from a competitor who
customer and employee feedback from e-mails,provides value added latent features at competitive
submitted survey forms and other documents. Thisprices. The company following reactive orientation is
feedback is collected from thousands of disparatetaking a risk of solely relying on customer expectations
sources on a real time basis. This feedback is thenand stated needs, which are not necessarily static and
analyzed using sophisticated tools, and thereafterare always changing. It also provides little opportunity
strategies and process improvements are designedfor consumers to experience 'delight' and hence loses
based upon the observations.out on customer loyalty and brand equity.
This is an example of an effective reactive strategyHowever every coin has two sides and so has both
used to improve customer satisfaction. It includesproactive and reactive orientations. There is another
understanding and meeting customer's expressedrisk of customer acceptance of these latent features.
needs. In fact companies like Mindshare TechnologiesMany times it may happen that a customer is not
assist large corporations in implementingwilling to pay the premium for these features or does
comprehensive feedback mechanisms by deployingnot see it as a significant benefit or a differentiating
Enterprise Feedback Management Solutions, whichfactor. In this case the company may lose out on
captures customer feedback from disparate sourcesprofits due to additional costs of rolling out the value
on a real time basis and has powerful reporting toolsadditions and loss of customers. A strong research
for intelligent decision making and reporting.capability reduces this risk and increases the probability
Although this is very important and companies mustof market acceptance of these latent features.
use this strategy to gain insight and feedback on theirIt is important for companies to adopt both strategies
products and services, sometimes companies tend toand follow a total market orientation by strengthening
rely too much on this data and hence innovation takesboth its proactive and reactive capabilities. Such
a backseat. Most critics argue that reactive companiescompanies are well prepared to face changes in the
tend to lag behind when it comes to high speedbusiness environment, and are even pioneers and
innovation and satisfying the latent needs ofinnovators, who eventually revolutionize the way
consumers.people use a certain product or technology.
This is where companies following a proactive